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Review Article
Scrutinizing Agricultural Sectors to Uncover the Existing Challenges for the Goal of Climate Change Mitigation Targets
Adugna Bayata*
,
Getachew Mulatu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
112-126
Received:
9 November 2024
Accepted:
22 November 2024
Published:
9 December 2024
Abstract: Agriculture acts as a crucial facilitator while currently being the primary victim of climate change. This review paper examines the agricultural sectors role in achieving climate change mitigation targets, focusing on critical challenges and proposing on actionable solutions. The review also highlights the need for system-based approach that integrates technological innovation, sustainable land management, and policy interventions. It underscores the importance of cross-sector collaboration, economic incentives and robust monitoring frameworks to overcome barriers and accelerates the sector’s transition towards sustainability. Climate change (CC) is one of the most pressing challenges confronting the global community at present and constitutes a significant jeopardy to the existence, nutritional stability, and economic progression of numerous nations. This climate fluctuation exerts an impact on all nations regardless of their developmental status; it constitutes unbounded global challenge. It is important that land use regulation alongside soil and water conservation methodologies be augmented to mitigate the ramification of climate change, specifically in the management of floods, erosion and landslides. Different approaches are followed to mitigate current challenging climate changes; such as irrigation management strategy, recycling bio-wastes, incorporation of crop residue into soil, and soil and water conservation as well as, managing soil moisture are crucial strategies.
Abstract: Agriculture acts as a crucial facilitator while currently being the primary victim of climate change. This review paper examines the agricultural sectors role in achieving climate change mitigation targets, focusing on critical challenges and proposing on actionable solutions. The review also highlights the need for system-based approach that integ...
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Research Article
Global Market Knowledge and Technological Awareness in Bangladeshi Publishing Industry
Tanha Tarannum*
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
127-136
Received:
12 October 2024
Accepted:
9 November 2024
Published:
23 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20240404.12
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Abstract: This dissertation endeavours to portray the designs for globalization and technological evolution in small-nation publishing industries such as Bangladesh. Publishing is an art form which involves an extensive use of technology. Alternatively, publishing inspires inventions that evolve with advanced technology. It is an acknowledged fact that globalization is connected intricately with technological revolution. Globalization observes that ideologies and modern thinking are inspired by widespread content readily accessible to global citizens. Measuring an unconstrained productive activity from the publishing industry helps navigate the robust growth perspective of a nation. This assessment also helps to decipher whether, as a small nation developing country, it is ready to adapt to the changes or not. While investigating if the Bangladeshi publishing industry is digitally efficient or ready to acclimatize to spontaneous changes in the modern world, a few of the industry’s leading authors and publishers came forward to help accomplish the objective of this research. The prime finding from the study is that there is keenness among the authors and publishers to explore advanced technological tools and opportunities and despair for no available service provision. Another critical revelation is the lack of research done to improve the conditions and find answers to the unanswered problems in the Bangladeshi publishing industry.
Abstract: This dissertation endeavours to portray the designs for globalization and technological evolution in small-nation publishing industries such as Bangladesh. Publishing is an art form which involves an extensive use of technology. Alternatively, publishing inspires inventions that evolve with advanced technology. It is an acknowledged fact that globa...
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Review Article
The Consequences of Conflict on Acute Food Insecurity Situation in Ethiopia: A Review Study
Getaneh Assefa*,
Chirotaw Tsegaw
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
137-141
Received:
14 November 2024
Accepted:
27 November 2024
Published:
25 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20240404.13
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Abstract: This review was focused on consequence conflict on the food security condition in Ethiopia. The food security over much of Ethiopia is destitute within, which assistance needs at their highest level 2016 during the ongoing meher-producing lean season (event of la Niña in Ethiopia). Subsequently, current food insecurity of Ethiopia cause mainly by conflict/insecurity, which, happen in northern Ethiopia and Benishangul Gumuz regional state of Ethiopia. The result of empirical review prosecuted that numerous individuals of food insecurity conditions are assembled in crisis and emergence classification of intense food insecurity. The seriousness of insecurity were most found in Tigray, Afar and Amhara locale of Ethiopia due to conflict. Subsequently, once conflict has broken out, outside help is fundamentally to food noncombatants during and after the viciousness and event of repetitive drought conditions. Therefore, this review recommends that government and non –governmental organization enhance their capacity to supply crisis help once food uncertainty/insecurity condition happened.
Abstract: This review was focused on consequence conflict on the food security condition in Ethiopia. The food security over much of Ethiopia is destitute within, which assistance needs at their highest level 2016 during the ongoing meher-producing lean season (event of la Niña in Ethiopia). Subsequently, current food insecurity of Ethiopia cause mainly by c...
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Research Article
Determination of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Leafy Vegetables (Ethiopian Cabbage) Cultivated Around Dilla Town
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
142-149
Received:
25 November 2024
Accepted:
7 December 2024
Published:
25 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20240404.14
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Abstract: In Dilla area, vegetables like cabbage can be grown in a variety of methods and are eaten in large quantities. Of the several green leafy vegetables that are acceptable for eating by humans, some are only found in a certain area, while others are found all over the world. The latter category, which includes the Brassica family, includes cabbage. The aim of this study was to use the technique known as flame atomic absorption spectrometry to investigate the levels of specific harmful heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Ni, Cd, and Pb) that are detected in the vegetables. To remove the metals from the samples, the most effective wet digestion technique was used. Heavy metal buildup in the body can result in a number of health risks. Therefore, accurate identification of these pollutants is necessary to ensure safety. Zn and Ni were discovered for the kinds of cabbage examined, according to the analytical results from this study. Zn (47 to 114 mg/kg), Ni (28.6 to 39.7 mg/kg), Cr, Pb, and Cd are below the detection limit, and other metal concentrations (mg/kg) were discovered in the edible sections of cabbage. The level of Zn in cabbage from Andida farm was found to be higher and nickel is lower than the permissible value recommended by FAO/WHO. The values of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the mean values of Zn and Ni between Andida, Darra, Oddo Miqee, and Guangua cabbage samples. The samples in Ni and Zn exhibited the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0.76) in the study's sample correlation coefficient matrices. Thus, it is crucial to regularly check vegetables in order to avoid an excessive accumulation of harmful heavy metals in meals.
Abstract: In Dilla area, vegetables like cabbage can be grown in a variety of methods and are eaten in large quantities. Of the several green leafy vegetables that are acceptable for eating by humans, some are only found in a certain area, while others are found all over the world. The latter category, which includes the Brassica family, includes cabbage. Th...
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Case Report
Enhancing Cerebral Protection: A Closed-Loop Ventilation Approach (Artificial Intelligence) for Targeted Carbon Dioxide Regulation in Traumatic Brain Injury
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
150-155
Received:
6 September 2024
Accepted:
25 September 2024
Published:
30 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20240404.15
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Abstract: Background: Closed-loop ventilators (CLVs): CLVs also known as automated ventilators, are advanced systems that automatically adjust ventilator settings based on the patient’s respiratory mechanics. Unlike open-loop ventilators (OLVs), which require manual parameter adjustments, CLVs use real-time feedback to maintain target oxygen saturation (SpO2) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels, enhancing patient comfort and reducing complications. Cerebral Protection in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Maintaining normoxia, and normocapnia is crucial for cerebral protection in TBI. High carbon dioxide (CO2) levels cause vasodilation, increasing intracranial pressure, while low levels cause vasoconstriction, reducing cerebral perfusion. CLVs automatically adjust ventilator settings based on continuous patient feedback, optimizing CO2 levels and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male with severe TBI was intubated and connected to a fully automated CLV and set to "Brain Injury" mode. The ventilator automatically adjusted parameters to achieve target end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels, evidenced by subsequent arterial blood gas (ABG) results showing desired partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) levels. Conclusion: CLVs in TBI patients automatically manage CO2 elimination and oxygen delivery using simplified settings, adjusting based on real-time oxygen saturation (SpO2) and EtCO2 levels. This approach maintains normocapnia and normoxia, meeting cerebral protection criteria with fewer manual adjustments, advantageous in the emergency department (ED). CLVs offer a practical solution in the ED, automating ventilator adjustments to maintain desired CO2 levels, thus shifting the clinician's role from manual “presetting” to “deciding” target CO2 levels. This automation improves efficiency and patient outcomes in a hectic clinical environment.
Abstract: Background: Closed-loop ventilators (CLVs): CLVs also known as automated ventilators, are advanced systems that automatically adjust ventilator settings based on the patient’s respiratory mechanics. Unlike open-loop ventilators (OLVs), which require manual parameter adjustments, CLVs use real-time feedback to maintain target oxygen saturation (SpO2...
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Research Article
Analysis of Wheat Seed Supply System in the Wheat-Dominated Smallholder Farming System in West Arsi and East Showa Zones, Oromia National Regional State
Beriso Bati Bukul*
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
156-166
Received:
28 September 2024
Accepted:
21 October 2024
Published:
30 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20240404.16
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Abstract: In Ethiopia, lower productivity of wheat production has been one of the significant contributors to food insecurity. Considerable efforts have been made by the government, NGOs and researchers in generating, introducing and disseminating appropriate wheat technologies to boost the production and productivity of wheat. The objective of this study was to identify the status and performance of wheat seed supply and factors that determine wheat seed supply system in West Arsi and East Shewa zones. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 240 sample wheat producers from both zones using probability proportional to size. Secondary data were also used. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics and econometric model were used to analyze data. In both zones formal, informal, and alternative wheat seed systems co-exist which accounts for 18.955, 31.791 and 49.25%, respectively. Access to market and market information and credit service plays an important role in accessing of improved wheat seed supply system by smallholders’ farmers. Therefore, any interventions that make farmers access to above mentioned service of the households have better enhances farmer’s access to wheat seed in the area. Total land cultivated and farm experiences effect farmer’s access to wheat seed supply system. Therefore, total land allocated for wheat production and farm experience have a positive effect on farmers access to wheat seed supply system. Therefore, total land cultivated should be increased by using rent-in and shared-in land to enhance access of wheat seed supply systems and farm experience have to be increased by providing different training. Based on the results obtained, the study suggests that the government and stakeholders should focus on strengthening the provision of formal and informal training, arranging experience sharing program, enhancing farmer’s resource endowment in order to increase access to wheat seed supply in the study area. It is, therefore, expected that the seed producers should be capacitated through accessing credit and logistics, farm machineries, seed processing plant, store and capability (motivated and competent human resource) of seed producers to supply quality seed that could meet the zonal seed demand. Incentive mechanisms need to be devised and implemented to increase participation of cooperative unions, primary seed producer cooperatives, agents/agro-dealers and private sectors in the seed industry. Moreover, there is a need to provide training on the part of government to seed producers and agents/agro dealers on seed marketing mix.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, lower productivity of wheat production has been one of the significant contributors to food insecurity. Considerable efforts have been made by the government, NGOs and researchers in generating, introducing and disseminating appropriate wheat technologies to boost the production and productivity of wheat. The objective of this study wa...
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Research Article
Effect of Chomo Grass (Brachiariahumidicola) and Vetiver Grass (Vetiveriazizanioides) on Selected Soil Properties in Mana Sibu District, Western Ethiopia
Tola Geleta Jawi*
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
167-178
Received:
8 November 2024
Accepted:
17 December 2024
Published:
30 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.frontiers.20240404.17
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Abstract: Biological SWC practices of chomo grass, vetiver grass are the most productive, easy to accept and effective at reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic matter. The objective of this research was to evaluate their effect on some selected soil physicochemical properties in Mana Sibu area. The land treated with chomo grass, vetiver grass, and adjacent untreated lands, as well as the three age groups of these grasses, young (0-10), middle (10-20), and old (20-30) years were considered. A total of 27 soil samples were collected from the subsurface of 0–20 cm soil depth in a 'zigzag' design because of vetiver strips impractical for means. The gathered soil samples were evaluated using laboratory procedures, and the general linear model included a total of 8 variables. The dry sieving analysis was carried out to separate the soil aggregate stability. Chomo and vetiver grasses effect on soil physicochemical properties, the clay soil texture was statistically highly significant at p < 0.001 following the treatments and at p < 0.01 along with age categories, while silt was not significant. The highest mean value of clay (72.67%) in the chomo grass treatment and age category (73%). The soil aggregate stability was shown to have statistical significance at p< 0.01 in the soil dry aggregate stable size fractions of > 2 mm, 0.075-0.425 mm, and 0.075 mm. Results for SOC were statistically significant at p< 0.05, while TN was at p < 0.05, soil PH at P < 0.01, and CEC at p <0.01.
Abstract: Biological SWC practices of chomo grass, vetiver grass are the most productive, easy to accept and effective at reducing soil erosion and increasing soil organic matter. The objective of this research was to evaluate their effect on some selected soil physicochemical properties in Mana Sibu area. The land treated with chomo grass, vetiver grass, an...
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